Shivaji - Wikipedia. Shivaji Bhonsle (Marathi [ʃiʋaˑɟiˑ bʱoˑs(ə)leˑ]; c.

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  • Shivaji Bhonsle (Marathi [ʃiʋaˑɟiˑ bʱoˑs(ə)leˑ]; c. 1627/1630 – 3 April 1680), also known as Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, was an Indian warrior king and a.
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April 1. 68. 0), also known as Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, was an Indian warrior king and a member of the Bhonsle. Maratha clan. Shivaji carved out an enclave from the declining Adilshahi sultanate of Bijapur that formed the genesis of the Maratha Empire. In 1. 67. 4, he was formally crowned as the Chhatrapati (Monarch) of his realm at Raigad. Shivaji established a competent and progressive civil rule with the help of a disciplined military and well- structured administrative organisations. He innovated military tactics, pioneering unconventional methods which leveraged strategic factors like geography, speed, and surprise and focused pinpoint attacks to defeat his larger and more powerful enemies.

He revived ancient Hindu political traditions and court conventions and promoted the usage of Marathi and Sanskrit, rather than Persian, in court and administration. Shivaji's legacy was to vary by observer and time, with different writers praising and criticizing him,[4] but he began to take on increased importance with the emergence of the Indian independence movement, as many elevated him as a proto- nationalist and hero of the Hindus.[5] Particularly in Maharashtra, debates over his history and role have engendered great passion and sometimes even violence as disparate groups have sought to characterise him and his legacy. Early life. Shivaji's birthplace on Shivneri Fort. Shivaji was born in the hill- fort of Shivneri, near the city of Junnar in Pune district on 6 April 1. February 1. 63. 0.[a][9] Per legend, his mother named him Shivaji in honour of the goddess Shivai, to whom she had prayed for a healthy child.[1. Shivaji was named after this local deity.[1. Shivaji's father Shahaji Bhonsle was a Maratha general[clarification needed] who served the Deccan Sultanates.[1.

His mother was Jijabai, the daughter of Lakhujirao Jadhav of Sindkhed (Sindkhed Raja). At the time of Shivaji's birth, the power in Deccan was shared by three Islamic sultanates: Bijapur, Ahmednagar, and Golconda.

Shahaji often changed his loyalty between the Nizamshahi of Ahmadnagar, the Adilshah of Bijapur and the Mughals, but always kept his jagir (fiefdom) at Pune and his small army with him.[1. A statue of young Shivaji with Jijabai installed at the fort of Shivneri in 1.

Upbringing and concept of Hindavi Swarajya. Shivaji was extremely devoted to his mother Jijabai, who was deeply religious.

This religious environment had a great impact on Shivaji, and he carefully studied the two great Hindu epics, Ramayana and Mahabharata; these were to influence his lifelong defence of Hindu values.[1. Watch A Woman, A Part Online Facebook on this page. Throughout his life he was deeply interested in religious teachings, and regularly sought the company of Hindu and Sufi saints.[7]Shahaji, meanwhile had married a second wife, Tuka Bai from the Mohite family, and moved to Karnataka to lead a military campaign on behalf of Adilshahi. He left Shivaji and Jijabai in Pune in the care of his jagir administrator, Dadoji Konddeo. Dadoji has been credited with overseeing education and training of young Shivaji.[1. Shivaji as a boy was a keen outdoorsman and, though he received little formal education and most likely could neither read nor write, he is said to have possessed considerable erudition.[1. Shivaji drew his earliest trusted comrades and a large number of his soldiers from the Maval region,[when?] including Yesaji Kank, Suryaji Kakade, Baji Pasalkar, Baji Prabhu Deshpande and Tanaji Malusare.[2.

In the company of his Maval comrades, Shivaji wandered over the hills and forests of the Sahyadri range, hardening himself and acquiring first- hand knowledge of the land, which was to later prove applicable to his military endeavours.[1. However, Shivaji's association with the Maval comrades and his independent spirit did not sit well with Dadoji who complained to Shahaji to no avail in making him compliant.[2. At the age of 1. 2, Shivaji was taken to Bangalore where he, his elder brother Sambhaji and his half brother Ekoji I were further formally trained. He married Saibai from the prominent Nimbalkar family in 1. Around 1. 64. 5–4. Shivaji first expressed his concept for Hindavi Swarajya, in a letter to Dadaji Naras Prabhu.[2. Conflict with Adilshahi sultanate.

In 1. 64. 5, the 1. Shivaji bribed or persuaded the Bijapuri commander of the Torna Fort, Inayat Khan, to hand over the possession of the fort to him.[7]: 2. Firangoji Narsala, who held the Chakan fort professed his loyalty to Shivaji and the fort of Kondana was acquired by bribing the Adilshahi governor.[7]: 2. On 2. 5 July 1. 64. Shahaji was imprisoned by Baji Ghorpade under the orders of Mohammed Adil Shah, in a bid to contain Shivaji.[2. Accounts vary, with some saying Shahaji was conditionally released in 1. Shivaji and Sambhaji surrendered the forts of Kondana, Bangalore and Kandarpi,[7] others saying he was imprisoned until 1.

Shivaji maintained a low profile.[3. After his release, Shahaji retired from public life, and died around 1. Following his father's death, Shivaji resumed raiding, seizing in 1. Javali from Chandrarao More, a fellow Maratha feudatory of Adilshah.[3. Combat with Afzal Khan.

In 1. 65. 9, Adilshah sent Afzal Khan, an experienced and veteran general to destroy Shivaji in an effort to put down what he saw as a regional revolt. The two met in a hut at the foothills of Pratapgad fort on 1. November 1. 65. 9. The arrangements had dictated that each come armed only with a sword, and attended by a follower. Shivaji, either suspecting Afzal Khan would attack him[7]: 4. Accounts vary on whether Shivaji or Afzal Khan struck the first blow: [3.

Maratha chronicles accuse Afzal Khan of treachery, while the Persian- language chronicles attribute the treachery to Shivaji.[3. In the fight, Afzal Khan's dagger was stopped by Shivaji's armour, and Shivaji's weapons inflicted mortal wounds on the general; Shivaji then signalled his hidden troops to launch the assault on the Bijapuris.[3. Battle of Pratapgarh. In the ensuing Battle of Pratapgarh fought on 1. November 1. 65. 9, Shivaji's forces decisively defeated the Bijapur Sultanate's forces.[3. The agile Maratha infantry and cavalry inflicted rapid strikes on Bijapuri units, attacked the Bijapuri cavalry before it was prepared for battle, and pursued retreating troops toward Wai.

More than 3,0. 00 soldiers of the Bijapur army were killed and two sons of Afzal Khan were taken as prisoners.[7]: 5.